ALTRI REPERTI (DAL PERIODO GRECO ALLE GUERRE PUNICHE)
STONE ANCHOR STOCK
MUSAS Ref. No.:
CAPCOL-10
Inv. No.
Description
Anchor stock in stone with tapered and rounded arms. Central both.
Dimensions
cm 170 x 10 x 30
Materials
Calcarenite (?)
Location
Sandpit inside the National Archaeological Museum of Capo Colonna (group no. 4)
Origin
Area east/north-east of Capo Colonna
Dating
VII-IV century B.C. (1)
Biological degradation
References
MEDAGLIA 2010, p. 269-270 with references.
1 For a review of the most known anchor stocks, see GIANFROTTA 1975; Id. 1977 and ID. 1982. On some stone anchor stocks found in Metapontum and Locris (used by devotees during rites), see BOETTO 1997, pp. 51 and ff.
REFERENCES
Boetto G. 1997, Ceppi litici “sacri” e culti aniconici a Metaponto e a Locri, in Archeologia Subacquea II, pp. 51-64.
Gianfrotta P.A. 1975, Le ancore votive di Sostrato di Egina e di Faillo di Crotone, in La Parola del Passato, 30, pp. 311-318.
Medaglia S. 2010, Carta archeologica della provincia di Crotone: paesaggi storici e insediamenti nella Calabria centro-orientale dalla Preistoria all’Altomedioevo, Ricerche IV. Collana del Dipartimento di Archeologia e Storia delle Arti, Università della Calabria, Rossano.
STONE ANCHOR STOCK
MUSAS Ref. No.:
CAPCOL-18
Inv. No.
Description
Anchor stock in stone, one arm missing. A typical separation groove between the two arms is visible.
According to Strabo, the main port of Croton was located by the river Esaro that probably hosted a canal harbour.
Up to now, this artefact is the only indication of the mooring of vessels in the area during the Archaic and Classical ages.
Dimensions
height cm 90 x width cm 27 x depth cm 17
Materials
Sedimentary rock
Location
Sandpit inside the National Archaeological Museum of Capo Colonna.
Origin
Esaro river
Dating
VII-IV century B.C. (1)
Biological degradation
References
MEDAGLIA 2010, p. 245
1 For a review of the most known anchor stocks, see GIANFROTTA 1975; Id. 1977 and ID. 1982. On some stone anchor stocks found in Metapontum and Locris (used by devotees during rites), see BOETTO 1997, pp. 51 and ff.
REFERENCES
Boetto G. 1997, Ceppi litici “sacri” e culti aniconici a Metaponto e a Locri, in Archeologia Subacquea II, pp. 51-64.
Gianfrotta P.A. 1975, Le ancore votive di Sostrato di Egina e di Faillo di Crotone, in La Parola del Passato, 30, pp. 311-318.
Medaglia S. 2010, Carta archeologica della provincia di Crotone: paesaggi storici e insediamenti nella Calabria centro-orientale dalla Preistoria all’Altomedioevo, Ricerche IV. Collana del Dipartimento di Archeologia e Storia delle Arti, Università della Calabria, Rossano.
ARCHAIC HELMET
MUSAS Ref. No.:
CAPCOL-38
Inv. No.
Description
Archaic bronze helmet, Corinthian type with fixed paragnathides and a nasal protection. It probably belonged to an armed man on board of a ship.
Dimensions
central forehead height cm 29; forehead width above the eyes cm 20
Materials
Bronze
Location
Showcase at the National Archaeological Museum of Capo Colonna.
Origin
Found in 1931 in the sea, south of Capo Colonna, together with two amphorae.
Dating
Archaic age
Biological degradation
The helmet does not present traces of biological degradation.
References
MEDAGLIA 2010, p. 295, n. 293, note 1337, with references; CORRADO 2016, passim, with references
REFERENCES
Corrado M. 2016, Appunti di archeologia subacquea sulla costa ionica calabrese tra Crotone e Le Castella, in Academia.edu
Medaglia S. 2010, Carta archeologica della provincia di Crotone: paesaggi storici e insediamenti nella Calabria centro-orientale dalla Preistoria all’Altomedioevo, Ricerche IV. Collana del Dipartimento di Archeologia e Storia delle Arti, Università della Calabria, Rossano.
ANCHOR STOCK WITH A DEDICATION TO PHAYLLOS
MUSAS Ref. No.:
CAPCOL-48
Inv. No.
Description
Arm of a stone anchor stock with a dedication to Phayllos in Achaean alphabet: «of Zeus Meilichius. Erected by Phayllos». It is easy to recognise the name of the famous Phayllos who participated in the battle of Salamis with a trireme and won the Pythian Games for three times.
A typical trapezoidal, rounded shape with tapered arms. A portion of the groove between the two arms is present.
It is possible that in the area of its discovery there was a place dedicated to Zeus Meilichius, where propitiatory rites for seafaring took place. In fact, Capo Cimiti had to be one of the three Capi Iapigi mentioned by ancient sources.
Dimensions
cm 90; width cm 57
Materials
Calcarenite
Location
National Archaeological Museum of Capo Colonna
Origin
Beach north of Capo Cimiti. Found in 1934 by a farmer.
Dating
Early V century B.C.
Biological degradation
The artefact does not show signs of biological degradation.
References
On the inscription, see SEG XVII, 442; IACOPI 1952; GUARDUCCI 1967, pp.113-115; GIANFROTTA 1975, pp. 316-318; GIVIGLIANO 1978, pp. 107-108; GlANFROTTA, POMEY 1981, pp. 302-303; MADDOLI 1983, pp. 332-333; GIVIGLIANO 1985, pp. 404-405; JEFFERY 1990, pp. 257-258, 261, 456 n. 22; LAZZARINI 1996, pp. 242-243, 245 n. 4.9; MELE 1996, p. 235; BOETTO 1997, p. 54; LEONE 1998, p. 28; DUBOIS 2002, n. 90; LAZZARINI 2005, p. 269 n. II, l l4; MEDAGLIA 2010, p. 310, n. 339. For a review of sources on Phayllos, see STIER 1938; on the personality, see CAGNAZZI 1996, pp. 11 and ff.
REFERENCES
Boetto G. 1997, Ceppi litici «Sacri» e culti aniconici a Metaponto e a Locri, in Archeologia Subacquea. Studi, ricerche e documenti 11, pp. 51-64.
Cagnazzi S. 1986, Un atleta di Crotone a Salamina, in Miscellanea greca e romana 20, Roma, pp. 11-19.
Dubois L. 2002, Inscriptions grecques dialectales de Grande Greece, II, Genève.
Gianfrotta P.A. 1975, Le ancore votive di Sostrato di Egina e di Faillo di Crotone, in La parola del passato. Rivista di studi antichi, f. 163, pp. 311-318.
Gianfrotta P.A., Pomey P. 1981, Archeologia subacquea. Storia, ricerche,scoperte e relitti, Milano.
Givigliano G.P. 1978, Sistemi di comunicazione e topografia degli insediamenti di età greca nella Brettia, Cosenza.
Givigliano G.P. 1985, s.v. Capo Cimiti, in Bibliografia Topografica della Colonizzazione, IV, pp. 404-407.
Guarducci M. 1967, Epigrafia greca, I, Roma.
Iacopi G. 1952, Capo Cimiti (Crotone). Iscrizione greca, in Notizie Scavi, pp. 167-176.
Jeffery L.H. 1990, The Local Scripts of Archaic Greece. A study of the origin o the Greek alphabet and its development from eighth to the fifth centuries BC, Rev. ed. with suppl. by AW. Johnston, Oxford.
Lazzarini M.L. 1996, Le iscrizioni del Lacinia, in Santuari della Magna Grecia in Calabria, pp. 242-247.
Lazzarini M.L. 2005, Materiali dal santuario di Hera Lacinia, in Magna Grecia, pp. 269-270.
Leone R. 1998, Luoghi di culto extraurbani d’età arcaica in Magna Grecia, Firenze.
Maddoli G. 1984, I culti di Crotone, in Atti Taranto 1983, Napoli, pp. 313-343.
Medaglia S. 2010, Carta archeologica della provincia di Crotone: paesaggi storici e insediamenti nella Calabria centro-orientale dalla Preistoria all’Altomedioevo, Ricerche. Collana del Dipartimento di Archeologia e Storia delle Arti, IV, Università della Calabria, Cosenza.
Mele A. 1996, I Culti di Crotone, in Santuari della Magna Grecia in Calabria, pp. 235-238.
Stier H.E. 1938, s.v. Phayllos, in RE XIX, 2, coll. 1903-1904.
CORINTHIAN AMPHORA B
MUSAS Ref. No.:
KR-03
Inv. No.
Description
An intact amphora of Corinthian B type, Greek-Siceliote production. Rim with an echinoid band. Tall neck from which the handles ramify just below the rim. Globular body, tending towards biconical. Bottom with a short, truncated foot.
The Corinthian amphorae were introduced into a large part of Mediterranean, with a large scale production around the last quarter of the VI century B.C. It is a typical transport amphora for which various centres of production were identified in Corinth, Corfu and Sybaris.
In his famous classification of Corynthian amphorae, Koehler (1978, 1981, 1992) distinguished two different types of the B Corynthian amphora:
– the most ancient one, dating from the VI to the beginning of the V century B.C., characterised by a thickened rim with an almond-shaped section, a “turnip” shape, a short and a blunt foot.
– the most recent one, dating from the V to the III century B.C, characterized by a thickened rim with a nearly triangular section, a spherical or ovoid body and a small conical tip.
Dimensions
cm 47; width cm 36; rim diam. cm 15
Materials
Terracotta
Location
National Archaeological Museum of Crotone. Entrance.
Origin
Dating
V – IV century B.C.
Biological degradation
The amphora presents an epilithic colonisation located mainly on the top and the lower part of the neck, whereas it is less diffused below the handles. These are encrusting organisms that do not produce a considerable degradation: in particular, marine worms (Polychaeta serpulidae) with their characteristic calcareous tubes and encrusting red algae thalli that form a white and thickly encrusted patina on the neck and at the base.
References
KOEHLER 1978; KOEHLER 1981, pp. 449-458; KOEHLER 1992, pp. 265-283
REFERENCES
Koehler C.G. 1978, Corinthian A and B Transport Amphoras, Ph.D. Dissertation, Princeton University.
Koehler C. G. 1981, Corinthian developments in the study of trade in the fifth century, Hesperia, Vol. 50, pp. 449–458.
Koehler C. G. 1992, A Brief Typology and Chronologyof Corinthian Transport Amphoras, in Greek Amphoras, V.I. Kats and S.Iu. Monakhov (eds.), Saratov, pp. 265-283.